The evolution of business management

Enterprise management refers to the evolution in the development process of management changes in the ways and means to go through the process, usually by the evolution of a three stage, stage management experience, scientific management stage), stage management culture.

Different stages of detail , Stage management experience: small-scale enterprises, workers in the enterprise managers within the field of vision surveillance, corporate governance by the rule of man can be realized. Therefore, in stage management experience, the staff is a prerequisite for economic management were assumption that human nature of this evil, born lazy, and do not like responsibility, passive, it is this view by managers of the incentive approach is outside the main shock, inspire Luobo Jia Hu is the big stick approach, the staff also control external control, the key is to control the behavior.

Scientific management phases: relatively large-scale enterprises, rely on it beyond the reach of the rule of man, so should the rule of man into the rule of law, but the understanding of human nature or the economy were assumed to be the premise, relying on regulations to manage the enterprise. Its staff incentive and control or external, through punishment and reward to the staff, employees expect to be rewarded or because of fear of punishment, according to staff rules and regulations to act in the enterprise, under the command of the managers, management Content management staff behaviour.

Cultural management phases: the border fuzzy enterprises, social management on the premise that people assume that Renxingbenshan, there are feelings of the people, like the challenge, willing to play a subjective initiative, positive and progressive. At this time of the enterprises to establish a people-oriented culture, through the management of people to achieve their goals.

Stage management culture is not without experience in management and scientific management, scientific management is the basis for achieving cultural management, experience is still necessary, culture as software, hardware system, as the two are complementary. It was only because of the knowledge-based economy to a period, people attach greater importance to achieve the realization of the value of the individual, therefore, the respect of human nature it is particularly important, enterprise management should be people-oriented.

Inappropriate time to amend the system-5

There are many definition of the term management, these definitions are from different angles to the proposed, merely reflected the nature of a management side. In order to compare the management of extensive research, but not limited to a certain side, we have adopted the following definition: management through the planning, organization, control, leadership and incentives, such as links to coordinate human, material and financial resources to better The process of reaching organizational goals.

This definition has three tiers of meaning . Meaning that the first layer of management measures are used in planning, organization, control, incentives and leading the five basic activities. This activity has been described as five of the top five basic management functions. The so-called function is that people, things or institutions due role. Each work of managers in the implementation of these functions are one or several. In short, the plan functions, including the forecast of future trends, according to forecast the result of the establishment of objectives, and then to formulate a variety of programmes, policies and achieve the target of the concrete steps to ensure that the objectives of the organization. Five-Year Plan for the national economy, enterprises of the long-term development plans, operational plans and various plans are a typical example. Organizational functions on the one hand is to implement the plan and established a structure, this type of structure to a large extent determine whether a plan to achieve the other hand refers to in order to achieve the goals of the organization process. For example, according to certain principles of division of labor and cooperation, there must be an appropriate mandate, it is necessary to establish a good communication channels and so on. Organization plans to complete the task of guarantee. Control functions with functions closely related to the plan, which includes the development of various control standards; inspection work according to plan, whether or not in accordance with established standards; work if the error occurred, we must promptly send signals, then the cause of deviation, or to correct deviations Develop a new plan to ensure the achievement of organizational goals. By launching the missile flight control functions to explain is a relatively good example. In targeting aircraft fired missiles, aircraft, in constant movement, the missile's flight direction and the deviation of this objective will be, at this time of the missile guidance system will be under the tail of jet aircraft issued by the mouth of the heat source to adjust the direction of the missile's flight until Hit the target. Encouragement and leadership functions of the main functions of the organizations activities is the human problem: to study the needs, motivations and behavior to the people guidance, training and incentives to mobilize the enthusiasm of their work; order to solve the lower level between the various Kinds of contradictions to ensure that all units and departments, and so on unhindered channels of information between.

Management definition of the second layer of meaning is the first of the meaning of purpose, namely, the use of these measures to coordinate human, material and financial resources. The so-called coordinated means of synchronization and harmony. An organization must be effective, must be made in the various departments, the various units, until all the activities of the individual and synchronized harmony in human, material and financial resources must also equipped with simultaneous and harmonious. The only way to achieve balance in the multi-organizational goals. A vehicle for its main products and well-managed enterprises, in manpower, equipment, plant and financial aspects of a proper proportion of each sector, each unit, as well as what each person time to do what, when completed, To what location, will have strict rules, so as to guarantee a lower cost, to produce high-quality cars. This is like a good tie in with the band, although we all played the pitch, the match is a wonderful symphony.

Management definition of the meaning of the third layer is the second meaning of the purpose. Coordinate human, material and financial resources to enable the activities of the Organization more effective, this is the fundamental purpose of management activities.

Inappropriate time to amend the system-4

Personal leadership skills that managers who said: "Management is leadership." The definition of the starting point: any organization must have the structure, and in the structure of the various critical points are different jobs, occupy these posts are some of the Special talents or qualities of these people has been described as leader. Organizations of all activities aimed at different levels are the leaders under the leadership of the organized activities are effective, these leaders depend on the effectiveness of personal leadership. Therefore, they think that management is leadership.

Stressed that the decision-making role of the people: "The management is the decision-making." Narrow sense that the decision is a decision point. Broadly speaking, decision-making is a process that includes gathering the necessary information to two or more options, the options for analysis and evaluation to identify the best option, and track inspection. The author emphasized that the definition: the management decision-making throughout the entire process and all aspects of organizations by some policy makers posed by the system, any work has to go through this series of decisions to complete. If the decision-making mistakes, the better the implementation of, the harm caused by the greater. Therefore, any of the work of the Organization of the success or failure ultimately depends on the quality of decision-making. Therefore, they think that management is the decision-making.

Inappropriate time to amend the system-3

Stressed the tasks of the people: "The management is from one or more individuals to coordinate the activities of other people, in order to receive a separate personal activities can not be received by the effect." Such a definition for the starting point: The reason why people in the community in the form A wide range of organizations and groups, which is due to collective labor can be obtained by the effect of individual labor can not be achieved, or only in very small scale, very long time to achieve. U.S. Apollo moon-landing plan has brought together tens of thousands of scientists, thousands of companies for their research, design and manufacturing. This enormous project by the knowledge that no one can fully grasp, let alone specific to the realization of this plan. Even as the construction of such housing are relatively simple, single individuals do have limitations in only a very small scale, but also to spend a considerable length of time can be completed. In short, the activities of the Organization to expand the capacity of the human. However, to really received the results of this collective labor, there must be a prerequisite, that is, members of the collective activities must be coordinated. Brownian motion in physics similar to the activities, is not able to receive such effects. To this end, we need a specialized activities, which is management.

Inappropriate time to amend the system-2

As we all know, there are many special management areas, such as administration, economic management, enterprise management, and various industries, sectors and process management. These areas are specialized subjects to study, but we can find a little analysis, these specialized disciplines there are many common elements, such as human, financial, organizational and planning of the problem, the leadership and encourage people to the problems And so on. Generally speaking, these specialized disciplines that have meaning management. The book is to study the significance of this general management. Unfortunately, so far, management has not been a single word for most people to accept the definition. The reason is very simple, different people in research management at the point of departure different, they are under the management of the definition of the term by also different.

Softening enterprise management system-1

(A)business development as the case may be Here initiated by the softening of enterprise management system on the assumption that the operation for some time, has been relatively complete management system of enterprises, is not to say that any enterprise system should take soft. For a business has just started, in the development system can not blindly pursue loose, or it will not only system can not be established, but the future so that managers found it difficult to operate. Therefore, in the initial corporate culture have not yet established, the staff has not yet formed a centripetal force and cohesion of the time, it's best not to soften the system.

(B) to gradually soften the way, Enough is enough Enterprise management system does not mean that the softening of mandatory management today is tomorrow.laissez-faire. Softening management system is an evolutionary process and, managers must not only understand that when the softening system, to more clearly the extent of softening. Not enough to soften the intensity, or do not work, to soften too much, then the management system is a destruction, before the establishment of the systems will not only crumbled to pieces, more enterprises will present a tray of loose sand, no management of the situation. Only managers grasp appropriate, to soften and inverted benefits, to make the system truly for business services.

(C) can not be divorced from the premise of scientific management Softening system, is not to say that to be divorced from scientific management, scientific management is the management of all work must follow the premise. From the perspective of modern enterprises, and scientific management theories have certain drawbacks, it too ignored the feelings of their own people, but the operating management, organization and management, and so many theories in the contemporary work of the management should be strictly followed. If put aside the scientific management of "human management" or "self-management", tantamount to not attack the foundation of direct high-rise building, the result is the unknown. To sum up, the establishment of enterprise system is to standardize the management of the business so that work can be effectively carried out. On the management of the introduction of the "guide" mechanism, and gradually bring about a softening management system, the era of knowledge-based economy will inevitably meet the development requirements of modern enterprises, the enterprises to achieve comprehensive progress.

Inappropriate time to amend the system

Enterprises in the development, is constantly changing, the system also can not be static. With the new situation to apply the old system, will be bound by the development of enterprises. Only in accordance with the needs of enterprise development, to update the management system, to make it a business with the operation of the adaptation. Great group of institutional survival, is advocating the system, it is the promotion of innovation, if any staff found that the system is unreasonable, can be made to rectify. This system is also changing the management of a person, the process of updating the system to the democratic management of enterprises and adaptable management methods.

Of course, managers in determining the full guide staff, should also do some work premise: trying to play a talented staff to create appropriate conditions to eliminate the psychological barrier to the staff and so on, so that management and staff in the process of self-management In fully tap their potential and play to their talents. And the aforementioned "humane management," "self-management staff." Softening of a series of enterprise management system approach is to guide the performance of the specific form of mechanism, only those of specific work done, we can really achieve enterprise system innovation And change.

Create a good atmosphere, creating an excellent corporate culture

Enterprise culture is the core competitiveness of enterprises, the management culture of enterprise management is the highest level. Culture is not just refer to the plant to promote flag, emblem plants such as surface culture, but also enjoys popular support should be a spirit. This middle-level management system for the corporate culture, advocated by clear staff responsibilities to promote cultural progress. Enterprise development is not in a vacuum, the staff is not in a vacuum there, only a good atmosphere, so that employees can form a common values, led to the same code of conduct, that is a good system.

Staff participation in the formulation of the system, self-management

1. Marked upgrade the status of staff. Modern enterprises, increasing the status of staff. The early industrial economy, the enterprises employed staff only, or even just be seen as working machines, and now many companies think that employees are the masters of enterprises. This upgrade the status of the one hand, enterprises initiated by the other employees wish to obtain. However, such changes should not be just lip service to talk about the matter, the staff is from the heart to become the masters of enterprises, this is not only a status of the increase, but also business-to-affirmed the value of its own staff. So let employees take part in the development of the system is of great benefit.

2. Development of the system in place to facilitate self-management. The previous system developed by the managers, but the actual line of work is bound to have some difficulty understanding less than managers, so developed a system to allow staff the frontline staff that managers do not understand the hardships, the system can not produce resistance . If we allow employees to participate in the formulation of the system, they can make all kinds of difficulties to embody the system to develop appropriate, the staff also facilitates self-management. In the development of the system, enterprises can to the staff of the questionnaire, or the establishment of a forum held by the staff of the Commission, understand the feelings of the staff of the system. Such a system developed to allow staff more receptive.

Moral orientation, advocate the humanistic spirit, the realization of human management

1.As a guide to morality. Management is not just a science, is an art. Rational management of not only the law, should reflect the situation there. Now, as advocated by the rule of law to the country by virtue of the change, the enterprise management system should also moral-oriented. Managers like a concert conductor, the only co-ordinate the work of the parties and coordinated development, so that work can proceed smoothly.

2. Humanistic management. Modern management theory that management is the comprehensive use of various resources to enable management to achieve multiplier effect. In the management process, is the most important factor, no one, can not be carried out any work, let alone the management. As a famous Japanese entrepreneur Konosuke Matsushita said: "whether companies have contributed to the community, continue to flourish, the key lies in people." Therefore, the role of a million can not be ignored. In advocating the concept of humanity today, the management of enterprises to promote a more humane spirit, stressed that human management approach, or even that human consciousness is the management of the management of the party. Enterprise Management is actually a kind of comprehensive management, it is necessary to mobilize all the positive people, through the people's attention to the effective realization of management objectives. Humanistic management will require their managers to work in the development of new management system, the existing "restraint system" and even "mandatory system" to soften, allowing employees in enterprises to feel "human face" of the management system, we can really play Their competence. This humanistic management in the enterprise, it is not difficult to achieve, many companies now will send the staff a birthday gift, this move will be little more warmth of the staff, because he is not only that the company received To give a gift and blessing of their companies is an affirmation of the work in the future will make more efforts to return the company. On the contrary, the mandatory hard work of the staff of the system will lose their patience, or even lose confidence in the enterprise.

Introduction of the "guide" mechanism way to achieve

A softening of enterprise management system is, in essence, require enterprises to introduce a "guide" mechanism. The existing enterprise management system, "mandatory" or "constraint" all right, are on the staff of the shackles of the final analysis, or the managers asked the staff to develop and unconditional obedience. The modern enterprise should be initiated by the "guide" mechanism, the role of managers is not a production of command, scheduling, nor is the regulation of human relationships, but rather a guide, Ling Luren, their main task Help enterprises to their employees is the overall goals and direction of the development staff to guide the development of norms of conduct. In the management of work, managers need only "Paozhuanyinyu" truly innovative management system or staff. For enterprises, "guide" the introduction of mechanisms, depending on the environment, development of which, in general, is to allow staff to an atmosphere of understanding. Here the "guide" mechanism means the introduction of a number of recommendations:

The development of the enterprise's own decision to the need for a softening system

Since reform and opening up, China's enterprise system has great changes, under the leadership of party committees from the director responsible for the system to gradually director of development, the former Zhengqibufen, is a corporate administrative units of the enterprise system gradually withdraw from history The stage, replaced by the community of large-scale production and a market economy in the long-term development, independent of enterprises have become corporate entities and market competitors, with independent property power to the corporate system as the main form of a new enterprise system. At the same time, "quality, giving priority to efficiency" has gradually become the modern enterprise chase the target. On the production side, the companies hope is to reduce costs in sales, also wants to raise profits. Take into account the two companies, it is necessary to adapt the system to achieve its objectives as a guide enterprises action "leader." System is not rigid, but should With the development of enterprises and innovation, to develop the system properly, thus reducing management costs, improve efficiency. The development of an enterprise, not only because of its success or failure of technology, but in the management system, because the system is part of corporate culture, but also the core competitiveness of the only reasonable system, can promote the development of enterprises.

People demand change in the decision to soften the need for management system

According to Maslow's theory of demand levels, who have five kinds of needs, from low to high are physiological needs, security needs, the needs of society, respect for the needs of self-realization needs. "Economic Man" in order to satisfy the assumption that only the physical needs, and the "social" the assumption that most people only to meet the needs of the community. Today, the pursuit of modern man is a self-fulfilling demand. Approval of the people is their ability to consider themselves in a modern society in a place that this kind of "natural wood, I must be used" to the idea of a modern self-expression of the desire and hope that, through their own efforts to get people around them recognition. In this self-realization needs of modern people under the influence of enterprise management system must also be gradually softening trend. If a hardware system or to the enforcement staff, the staff will either negative sabotage, or protest, or even switch, the development of enterprises is no promotion of the role. It is precisely because demand with the engine, motives and decisions, so it only meet the needs of the employees can really play to staff competence, for business services.

The decision to change the business environment has softened the need for system

The external environment. Enterprises as the cell organisms, not exist in isolation, and that its survival and development must also be closely dependent on the external environment changes. In recent decades, enterprises in which the political, economic, scientific environment has undergone tremendous changes, we can not use rigid system management companies, or enterprises will be intricate changes eliminated by the external environment. Take a very simple example, the supermarkets are now using computer settlement, customers do not have to, and so on for a long time, the cashier also more relaxed. However, if a supermarket is still used 20 years ago, the shop paid to a cashier with a plan to balance, I am afraid that this is no supermarket in Wenjin.

Internal environment. Enterprise is the internal environment of enterprises of various internal factors. If the external environment for enterprise, the effect is a kind, then the internal environment for enterprise, is an irreplaceable role in the decision. At the same time, the internal environment is in a constant state of change, such changes also require a softening management system. For example, the inventory is the production operation of an essential link, if an inventory management system can not be the case may be, or to pay unnecessary costs or impact on production, leading to the suspension lines. Therefore, the internal management system must also softened, according to the internal environment, the different conditions and at any time to take corresponding measures.

Softening the need for enterprise management system

enterprise management system

With the development of enterprises, the outdated management system has been unable to meet the requirements of modern enterprises, seemingly "strict" system of management is not a scientific management system. After twists and turns state-owned enterprise reform, and finally to gradually establish a "clear property rights, separation of government and enterprises, select the right to clear" as the main characteristics of the modern enterprise system. As an enterprise system, management system will also With the development of enterprise system development, followed for many years and eventually management system can no longer conform to the needs of enterprises, and enterprises will gradually become a stumbling block. Therefore, the softening enterprise system, developed for the development of a modern enterprise management system is an inevitable requirement for development.

Softening the need for enterprise management system

enterprise management system

With the development of enterprises, the outdated management system has been unable to meet the requirements of modern enterprises, seemingly "strict" system of management is not a scientific management system. After twists and turns state-owned enterprise reform, and finally to gradually establish a "clear property rights, separation of government and enterprises, select the right to clear" as the main characteristics of the modern enterprise system. As an enterprise system, management system will also With the development of enterprise system development, followed for many years and eventually management system can no longer conform to the needs of enterprises, and enterprises will gradually become a stumbling block. Therefore, the softening enterprise system, developed for the development of a modern enterprise management system is an inevitable requirement for development.

Enterprise management system and the development of the status

mandatory system

McGregor's "X theory" and Taylor's "economic man" assumption that people are inherently lazy, no sense of responsibility, just for the sake of its own economic interests and labor, or even unwilling to work. In such a theory under the influence of managers in the development of management systems, it will only take into account how to approach employees forced labor. Therefore, in the early industrial economy, the management system is mandatory "hard" requirements, strict provisions of the staff in their daily work to do, not what to do, even for staff to complete a work of the movement have asked. Such a procedure of the management system has not the staff concerned, just blindly to improve production efficiency for the purpose of staff under their own interests to consider this can only obey mandatory system.

bound by the system

With the development of the times and the surrounding environment changes, the staff will gradually against the system is too harsh for their rights. Accordingly, the managers of a certain extent, modified system, a "softening" of the trend. As the "Father of interpersonal relationships," Robert Owen put the improvement of working conditions, child labour laws enacted to shorten working hours and other management methods, were unprecedented. It is clear to see that these measures are proposed, is no longer the person as an "economic man" but a "social" to look at the. At this point the management system has begun to concern themselves with and reflection.

Most domestic companies are now adopting this "carrot and stick" system of management. From the staff, the management system is an invisible hand, bound by their actions, if violations will be punished, but on the other hand, the staff of the system is not bound by this particular conflict, the system also has the interpersonal relations Concerns of labor and the improvement of the environment. Managers from the point of view, the management system for employees not bound by tight, or else they would press such as the mandatory system, as the staff so that employees feel dissatisfied. At this time of the managers and not the same machine, the management system will not be like machines Manual as a strict dogma. It can be said that the present system in the management of such a restraint system or a certain softening, but in terms of intensity or scope of the point of view, have a "drop in the bucket".

Enterprise management system

Enterprise management system means that enterprises in the production operation, financial accounting, human resources, and other aspects of the regulatory criteria regulating. Enterprise system, including property rights system, operating system and management system. The management system is based enterprise management tool can not be replaced. Develop management system aims to standardize their behavior, so that enterprises within the activities of effective manner, so as to enhance the economic efficiency of enterprises, however, with the ever-changing social environment and enterprise development and growth, too old "hard "Modern enterprise system has been unable to meet the needs of management, the system should be more gradual" soft ", in line with corporate change and innovation.

What should be the election of enterprise management professionals

We did not stage a business management professional, only in the study section of the election only enterprise management. I suggest you now to accounting or financial management expertise, professional management is, when the two study section to read more suitable for enterprise management. But now these two professional employment in the professional category in the economy is basically the best.

In Shanghai, then Shanghai University of Finance and the election can, of course, your scores if it can be very good at the Fudan University. It can consider other Sun Yat-sen University, Chinese University of enterprise management is key state-level professional. Accounting is the best reported.